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Catalog/IGF-1 (Mecasermin)

IGF-1 (Mecasermin)

Also known as Insulin-like growth factor 1 · Mecasermin · Increlex · Somatomedin C · rhIGF-1

The downstream effector of growth hormone — a 70-amino-acid recombinant protein, structurally a cousin of proinsulin, that carries out most of GH’s growth signal.

Overview

IGF-1 is the molecule that does much of growth hormone’s work. It is a 70-amino-acid single-chain protein (~7.6 kDa) with three disulfide bonds, structurally homologous to proinsulin — which is why insulin and IGF-1 signaling overlap. Produced mainly in the liver under GH stimulation, it is the mediator most responsible for GH’s anabolic and growth-promoting effects. The recombinant therapeutic version, mecasermin, is FDA-approved for severe IGF-1 deficiency. It pairs naturally with somatropin in this catalog: GH is the signal, IGF-1 is the message that actually reaches the tissues.

Background

Where somatropin is the broadcast, IGF-1 is the signal received. Growth hormone acts on the liver and other tissues to induce IGF-1, and it is IGF-1 — acting through its own tyrosine-kinase receptor — that mediates most of the downstream growth and anabolic effects. Its structural kinship to proinsulin is not a coincidence: the IGF and insulin systems are evolutionary relatives, which is why IGF-1 has weak insulin-like (hypoglycemic) activity and why dosing is constrained by that overlap.

The therapeutic form, mecasermin (Increlex), is recombinant human IGF-1 approved in 2005 for children with severe primary IGF-1 deficiency or growth-hormone insensitivity — the Laron syndrome population, in whom GH itself does not work because the receptor or its signaling is broken. In those patients, supplying IGF-1 directly bypasses the failed step.

IGF-1 carries the same two layers of drama as growth hormone, sharpened. It is banned in sport and has been a recurring doping target; the most public episode was the 2013 "deer antler velvet spray" affair, in which an IGF-1-marketed product was tied to several athletes — a reminder that much of what is sold as IGF-1 outside medicine is unverified. And the longevity paradox is, if anything, cleaner here: low IGF-1 signaling is one of the most reproducible pro-longevity signals in biology, with IGF-1-pathway mutants living longer across species and Laron-syndrome individuals showing strikingly low cancer and diabetes incidence. A protein marketed for anti-aging sits on the very axis whose suppression extends life.

Mechanism

Binds the IGF-1 receptor (a tyrosine kinase) and, with lower affinity, the insulin receptor, activating PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling to drive cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Circulating IGF-1 is largely bound to IGF-binding proteins, which modulate its availability.

Key research findings

  • Severe primary IGF-1 deficiency — the approved use of mecasermin, supplying IGF-1 where GH signaling has failed.
  • GH/IGF-1 axis — IGF-1 is the principal mediator of growth hormone’s anabolic effects.
  • Insulin cross-talk — structural homology to proinsulin gives it weak hypoglycemic activity, a dosing constraint.
  • Longevity paradox — reduced IGF-1 signaling tracks with extended lifespan and lower cancer/diabetes risk (Laron syndrome).
  • Doping target — WADA-banned; "deer antler velvet" IGF-1 products are a notable case of unverified marketing.
  • IGF-binding proteins — circulating IGF-1 is mostly protein-bound, which regulates its activity and half-life.

How IGF-1 (Mecasermin) is made

Behind every vial of IGF-1 (Mecasermin) is the same exacting pipeline every research peptide runs — but the chemistry plays out differently for this molecule. Here is how IGF-1 (Mecasermin), specifically, is brought into being.

  1. On paper first

    On paper, IGF-1 (Mecasermin) is C331H512N94O101S7 — about 7,649 daltons of precisely arranged atoms. Before a single bond is made, the target sequence, salt form, and purity threshold are written down as the contract the finished material must meet.

  2. Built residue by residue

    Assembling IGF-1 (Mecasermin) means roughly 70 coupling cycles on the synthesizer — one protected residue added at a time, which is also 70 chances for an incomplete coupling to seed a deletion impurity. At this length the growing chain is prone to aggregation on the resin, making every later cycle harder — long sequences are where small per-cycle losses compound into a messy crude. It also carries a disulfide bridge, an extra step beyond a plain chain that adds both capability and cost.

  3. Purity is won here

    The crude mixture — IGF-1 (Mecasermin) plus its deletions and side products — is then separated on preparative HPLC, and where the cut is taken decides the difference between a genuinely pure peptide and a barely-passable one. IGF-1 (Mecasermin) carries 6 cysteines, whose thiols are oxidation-sensitive and can form disulfide links — reactive chemistry that purification has to control rather than ignore. It also contains oxidation-prone methionine or tryptophan residues, another family of impurities the chromatography has to resolve away.

  4. Proven, then protected

    A real batch of IGF-1 (Mecasermin) proves itself: identity confirmed by mass spectrometry against its ~7,649 Da, purity read directly off an analytical HPLC trace, water and counterion content measured. That batch-specific certificate of analysis is the only honest way to know what is actually in a vial of IGF-1 (Mecasermin) — and a short, cold, accountable chain of custody is how that purity survives the trip to your bench.

Walk the full synthesis pipeline

Handling, storage & why purity is hard

Recombinant IGF-1 is expressed (classically in E. coli), refolded to its native three-disulfide structure, and purified by chromatography. Release testing is protein-grade — peptide mapping, mass spectrometry, correct disulfide pairing, cell-based potency, host-cell-protein and endotoxin limits — not an HPLC purity figure alone.

Storage
Mecasermin is stored refrigerated (2–8 °C) and protected from light; it must not be frozen, and reconstituted/in-use solution is used within the label’s limited window.
Handling
A folded disulfide-bonded protein, sensitive to heat, freeze–thaw, and agitation. Because of its insulin-like activity, hypoglycemia is a specific handling/clinical concern.

Don't judge a vial by its cake. A fluffy, good-looking lyophilized powder reflects bulking agents and freeze-drying parameters — not purity. Insist on a batch-specific certificate of analysis.

How peptides are made — the full pipeline

Research areas

  • Severe primary IGF-1 deficiency
  • GH/IGF-1 axis
  • Growth disorders
  • Longevity

Research-area guides

Latest research

Recent clinical trials and publications mentioning IGF-1, pulled automatically from ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed and refreshed daily. Listings are unfiltered search results, not curated endorsements.

Frequently asked questions

What is IGF-1?+

Insulin-like growth factor 1 — a 70-amino-acid protein, made mainly in the liver under growth-hormone stimulation, that carries out most of GH’s growth-promoting effects. The recombinant drug mecasermin (Increlex) is approved for severe IGF-1 deficiency.

How is IGF-1 related to growth hormone?+

GH stimulates the liver to produce IGF-1, and IGF-1 then does much of the actual signaling to tissues. That is why IGF-1 can treat people whose GH does not work (Laron syndrome).

Why is it called "insulin-like"?+

IGF-1 is structurally homologous to proinsulin and binds the insulin receptor weakly, giving it mild insulin-like (glucose-lowering) effects.

Is this medical advice?+

No — this is a research and educational reference. Mecasermin is a prescription biologic; much of what is sold as IGF-1 outside medicine is unverified.

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